Peptide Record

Thymosin beta-4 · Gastrointestinal · graded 2026-07-30

Gut barrier & GI healing

This grade describes how much evidence exists for Thymosin beta-4 against gut barrier & gi healing — not whether it works, and not whether it is safe. It is computed from the inputs below by a fixed rule with no editorial adjustment.

Why this grade

Not hidden behind a control — showing the work is the point
Score decomposition — every input and its contribution
ComponentPointsScale
Best study type
The strongest design that produced evidence for this outcome, not the average design.
+2Human RCT 5 · Human observational 4 · Animal 2 · Preclinical 1 · None 0
Largest human sample
Largest single human study, not a pooled total across studies.
0n ≥ 200 → 3 · 50–199 → 2 · < 50 → 1 · no human study → 0
Independent replication
Distinct research groups at the best study tier above, resolved through author and institution records.
+3≥ 3 groups → 3 · 2 → 2 · 1 → 1 · 0 → 0
Directional consistency
Share of studies at the best study tier reporting effect in the same direction — the same studies the replication row counts, not every record on the pair.
Measured over 2 stated directions across 4 studies at the best tier. A ratio over three readings and the same ratio over ninety are the same number and are not the same evidence.
0≥ 90% concordant → 3 · ≥ 70% → 2 · ≥ 50% → 1 · below → 0 · fewer than 3 readings → 0
Bias risk
A deduction, never a bonus. A flag is counted only where a record states one; silence is not a pass and is not a flag.
0−1 per flag, floor −3: industry funding · no preregistration · no blinding
Total5Sum of the rows above, floored at 0.
What the bias row had to work with — how many of this pair’s records disclosed each field at all
FieldFlag statedStated the oppositeNot statedSilent
industry_funded
industry-funded deducts a point; declared non-commercial does not; silence does neither.
0010100%
preregistered
not preregistered deducts a point; preregistered does not; silence does neither.
0010100%
blinded
not blinded deducts a point; blinded does not; silence does neither.
0010100%

Grade A additionally requires a total of at least 11 and replication of at least 2: a high score carried by one research group is not replicated evidence, however large the trial.

Doses administered in studies

Sourced figures, not a protocol

Studied doses — not yet collected

Dose, route and n are extracted from study full text, and full text is paywalled for most records in this corpus. No dose has been extracted for this pair yet. Read that as an extraction gap, not as evidence that the studies below administered nothing.

This is a gap in our collection, not a finding about studied doses. Read it as “we have not looked yet”, never as “there is nothing there”. How extraction works and where it fails

Cited sources

10 records · ordered by source hierarchy

These are the records the grade above was computed from — the same set, by the same rule, read from one definition shared with the grader. Records attributed to an alias for a materially different product are not among them; where this pair has any, they are listed separately below.

  • HUMAN-TRIAL2
  • ANIMAL4
  • PRECLINICAL4
SourceStudyDesignnBias flagsDate
HUMAN-TRIALThymosin beta4 is a novel potential prognostic marker in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
PMID 22882257 · DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02887.x · matched on "Tbeta4"
human-observational60none stated2012-09-01
HUMAN-TRIALThymosin beta-4 overexpression correlates with high-risk groups in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective analysis by immunohistochemistry.
PMID 28756979 · DOI 10.1016/j.prp.2017.07.005 · matched on "Tbeta4"
human-observationalnone stated2017-09-01
ANIMALUpregulated Tbeta4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice.
PMID 38049080 · DOI 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871 · matched on "Tbeta4"
animalnone stated2024-01-01
ANIMALRecombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin beta(4) suppresses experimental colitis in mice.
PMID 28127198 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.242 · matched on "Tbeta4"
animalnone stated2017-01-14
ANIMALImmunoreactivity for thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 10 in the adult rat oro-gastro-intestinal tract.
PMID 23807296 · DOI 10.4081/ejh.2013.e17 · matched on "Tbeta4"
animalnone stated2013-05-07
ANIMALThymosin beta 4 mRNA and peptide expression in phagocytic cells of different mouse tissues.
PMID 19631707 · DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.07.010 · matched on "Tbeta4"
animalnone stated2009-10-01
PRECLINICALThymosin beta4 released by mast cells under stress conditions impairs intestinal epithelial barrier via IL22RA1/JAK1/STAT3 signaling in irritable bowel syndrome.
PMID 41278163 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v31.i42.111706 · matched on "Tbeta4"
not determinednone stated2025-11-14
PRECLINICALThymosin beta4 expression reveals intriguing similarities between fetal and cancer cells.
PMID 23045970 · DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06679.x · matched on "Tbeta4"
preclinicalnone stated2012-10-01
PRECLINICALDifferent thymosin Beta 4 immunoreactivity in foetal and adult gastrointestinal tract.
PMID 20161756 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009111 · matched on "Tbeta4"
preclinicalnone stated2010-02-09
PRECLINICAL[Bioinformatics analysis to the differentially expressed genes of normal mucosa and carcinoma of colon].
PMID 15067726 · DOI 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2004.02.002 · matched on "Thymosin beta 4"
preclinicalnone stated2004-03-01

Rows are ordered by source hierarchy, so nothing below a regulatory filing appears above a human trial. A field marked uncertain is one where the extraction passes disagreed; it publishes as unknown rather than as a picked winner. A design reading “not determined” is a design nothing established, not a design of none. Explore the full corpus for Thymosin beta-4