| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta4-derived peptides alleviate neuroinflammation and neurite atrophy in both in vitro models and in vivo 5 x FAD mice: A potential therapy for memory improvement in Alzheimer's disease. | TB500 | — | 2026-02-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | A revised model of nuclear actin import: Importin 9 competes with cofilin, profilin, and RanGTP for actin binding. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2026-02-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Decidualization-empowered ECM hydrogel integrating sustained Tbeta4 release drives endometrial regeneration in intrauterine adhesions. | Tbeta4 | Liver health | 2026-01-21 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. | TB 500 | — | 2026-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. | TB 500 | — | 2026-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases. | Tbeta4 | — | 2026-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Dysregulation of circulating damage-associated molecular patterns in diabetic foot syndrome. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2026-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Bio-Orthogonally Labeled Orbitals-Hybridizing Nanozymes Induce Tissue-Resident NK Cells for Enhanced Photo-Immunologic Therapy of Biofilms and Preventing Secondary Infection. | Thymosin β4 | — | 2026-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. | TB 500 | Wound healing | 2026-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion. | Thymosin beta 4 | Liver health | 2025-12-31 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Exercise-specific plasma proteomic signatures in racehorses: Candidates for training adaptation and peak load monitoring. | Thymosin β4 | — | 2025-12-29 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Alkaline Phosphatase-Triggered Spatiotemporal Repair of Corneal Injury with TB500 Peptide Hydrogel. | TB500 | Wound healing | 2025-12-17 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Medical and surgical interventions for neurotrophic keratopathy. | RGN-259 | Eye & vision health | 2025-12-05 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Mechanistic study of the Tbeta4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-12-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta4 stabilizes hypoxia induced brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction through S1PR1 dependent mechanisms. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-12-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta4 released by mast cells under stress conditions impairs intestinal epithelial barrier via IL22RA1/JAK1/STAT3 signaling in irritable bowel syndrome. | Tbeta4 | Gut barrier & GI healing | 2025-11-14 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Tbeta4-17 peptide enhances the chemo-sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to DDP by affecting NF-kappaB signaling pathway. | Tbeta4 | Inflammation · preclinical | 2025-11-08 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Engineered Tandem Thymosin Peptide Promotes Corneal Wound Healing. | RGN-259 | Wound healing | 2025-11-03 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Transfer Through TNTs: From Organelle Dynamics to Cellular Crosstalk. | Thymosin β4 | Longevity & cellular aging | 2025-10-30 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Electron Capture Dissociation for Discovery Top-Down Proteomics of Peptides and Small Proteins on Chromatographic Time Scales. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-10-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids. | Tbeta4 | Cognition & memory · preclinical | 2025-09-09 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Living myocardial slices as a model for testing cardiac pro-reparative gene therapies. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-07-02 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Plasmacytoid dendritic cells alleviate allergic asthma via airway epithelial cell-dependent thymosin beta4 expression. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-07-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Tbeta4-Engineered ADSC Extracellular Vesicles Rescue Cell Senescence Through Separable Microneedle Patches for Diabetic Wound Healing. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-07-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Injectable Thymosin beta4-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Exosomes for Stem Cell Homing and Neuronic-Angiogenic-Osteogenic Coupled Cranial Repair. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-07-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Protein to biomaterials: Unraveling the antiviral and proangiogenic activities of Ac-Tbeta(1-17) peptide, a thymosin beta4 metabolite, and its implications in peptide-scaffold preparation. | Thymosin β4 | — | 2025-07-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Corrigendum to 'Tbeta4-exosome-loaded hemostatic and antibacterial hydrogel to improve vascular regeneration and modulate macrophage polarization for diabetic wound treatment' [Mater. Today Bio,Volume 31, 2025, 101585]. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-06-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Proteomic biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis. | Thymosin β4 | — | 2025-05-15 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Secreted Expression of Thymosin beta4 from Pinctada fucata in Pichia pastoris and Its Biological Activity. | Thymosin β4 | — | 2025-05-15 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | CCN5 suppresses injury-induced vascular restenosis by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and facilitating endothelial repair via thymosin beta4 and Cd9 pathway. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-05-02 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-04-26 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals. | TB4 | — | 2025-04-26 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Inhaled exogenous thymosin beta 4 suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via TGF-beta1 signalling pathway. | Tbeta4 | Skin appearance & aging | 2025-04-03 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Tbeta4-exosome-loaded hemostatic and antibacterial hydrogel to improve vascular regeneration and modulate macrophage polarization for diabetic wound treatment. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-04-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Study of Intracellular Peptides of the Central Nervous System of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in a Parkinson's Disease Model. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-02-26 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Exploring the Relationship Between Thymosin beta4 Protein and First Myocardial Infarction on the Basis of Proteomics. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-02-18 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway. | Tbeta4 | Longevity & cellular aging | 2025-02-16 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease. | Tbeta4 | Eye & vision health | 2025-01-22 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Proteomic analysis of the human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell secretome by integrated approaches via filter-aided sample preparation. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-01-06 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Retraction: The role of thymosin beta 4 on odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta4 Regulates Tissue Inflammatory Response in Mouse Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Macrophage M2-Type Polarization. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | The Prognostic Significance of TMSB4X in Glioma Patients. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2025-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Association Between Thymosin beta4 and Coronary Arterial Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Disease. | Tbeta4 | — | 2025-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | A Chimeric Peptide Derived from a Bacterial Effector Protein Attenuates TLR-2/4-Mediated Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Enhances the Cellular Availability of Gentamicin. | TB4 | — | 2025-01-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | TMSB4X is a regulator of inflammation-associated ferroptosis, and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2024-11-18 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Therapeutic potential of thymosin beta 4 in a variety of diseases. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2024-11-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Beneficial effects of a combined lifestyle intervention for older people in a long-term-care facility on redox balance and endothelial function. | Tbeta4 | — | 2024-08-30 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Thymosin beta(4) and beta(10) Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review. | Thymosin beta 4 | — | 2024-06-27 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | In Vitro Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Promoting Transplanted Fat Survival by Regulating Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. | Tbeta4 | Weight & fat loss · preclinical | 2024-06-01 |
| PRECLINICAL | evidence | Small Spleen Peptides (SSPs) Shape Dendritic Cell Differentiation through Modulation of Extracellular ATP Synthesis Profile. | Tbeta4 | Immune function | 2024-04-11 |