Peptide Record

BPC-157 · Gastrointestinal · graded 2026-07-30

Gut barrier & GI healing

This grade describes how much evidence exists for BPC-157 against gut barrier & gi healing — not whether it works, and not whether it is safe. It is computed from the inputs below by a fixed rule with no editorial adjustment.

Why this grade

Not hidden behind a control — showing the work is the point
Score decomposition — every input and its contribution
ComponentPointsScale
Best study type
The strongest design that produced evidence for this outcome, not the average design.
+2Human RCT 5 · Human observational 4 · Animal 2 · Preclinical 1 · None 0
Largest human sample
Largest single human study, not a pooled total across studies.
0n ≥ 200 → 3 · 50–199 → 2 · < 50 → 1 · no human study → 0
Independent replication
Distinct research groups at the best study tier above, resolved through author and institution records.
+3≥ 3 groups → 3 · 2 → 2 · 1 → 1 · 0 → 0
Directional consistency
Share of studies at the best study tier reporting effect in the same direction — the same studies the replication row counts, not every record on the pair.
Measured over 12 stated directions across 50 studies at the best tier. A ratio over three readings and the same ratio over ninety are the same number and are not the same evidence.
+3≥ 90% concordant → 3 · ≥ 70% → 2 · ≥ 50% → 1 · below → 0 · fewer than 3 readings → 0
Bias risk
A deduction, never a bonus. A flag is counted only where a record states one; silence is not a pass and is not a flag.
0−1 per flag, floor −3: industry funding · no preregistration · no blinding
Total8Sum of the rows above, floored at 0.
What the bias row had to work with — how many of this pair’s records disclosed each field at all
FieldFlag statedStated the oppositeNot statedSilent
industry_funded
industry-funded deducts a point; declared non-commercial does not; silence does neither.
0069100%
preregistered
not preregistered deducts a point; preregistered does not; silence does neither.
0069100%
blinded
not blinded deducts a point; blinded does not; silence does neither.
016899%

Grade A additionally requires a total of at least 11 and replication of at least 2: a high score carried by one research group is not replicated evidence, however large the trial.

Doses administered in studies

Sourced figures, not a protocol

Studied doses — not yet collected

Dose, route and n are extracted from study full text, and full text is paywalled for most records in this corpus. No dose has been extracted for this pair yet. Read that as an extraction gap, not as evidence that the studies below administered nothing.

This is a gap in our collection, not a finding about studied doses. Read it as “we have not looked yet”, never as “there is nothing there”. How extraction works and where it fails

Cited sources

69 records · ordered by source hierarchy

These are the records the grade above was computed from — the same set, by the same rule, read from one definition shared with the grader. Records attributed to an alias for a materially different product are not among them; where this pair has any, they are listed separately below.

  • ANIMAL50
  • PRECLINICAL19
SourceStudyDesignnBias flagsDate
ANIMALDuodenocolic fistula healing by pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats. A cytoprotection viewpoint.
PMID 38583442 · DOI 10.26402/jpp.2024.1.09 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2024-02-01
ANIMALStomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy effect.
PMID 37545637 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4289 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2023-07-21
ANIMALClopidogrel-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats is Attenuated by Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 33376304 · DOI 10.2147/dddt.s284163 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2020-01-01
ANIMALTherapy of the rat hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-arginine, L-NAME.
PMID 31401154 · DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172593 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2019-10-15
ANIMALCounteraction of perforated cecum lesions in rats: Effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine.
PMID 30622376 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5462 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2018-12-28
ANIMALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in honeybee (Apis mellifera) therapy, to control Nosema ceranae invasions in apiary conditions.
PMID 29682749 · DOI 10.1111/jvp.12509 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2018-08-01
ANIMALAn endogeous defensive concept, renewed cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection: intra(per)-oral/intragastric strong alcohol in rat. Involvement of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and nitric oxide system.
PMID 30279308 · DOI 10.26402/jpp.2018.3.11 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2018-06-01
ANIMALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats: New insights.
PMID 29358856 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8465 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2017-12-28
ANIMALCyclophosphamide induced stomach and duodenal lesions as a NO-system disturbance in rats: L-NAME, L-arginine, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 28255738 · DOI 10.1007/s10787-017-0330-7 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2017-04-01
ANIMALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals rat colovesical fistula.
PMID 26875638 · DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.038 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2016-06-05
ANIMALBPC 157 antagonized the general anaesthetic potency of thiopental and reduced prolongation of anaesthesia induced by L-NAME/thiopental combination.
PMID 26563892 · DOI 10.1007/s10787-015-0249-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2015-12-01
ANIMALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals cysteamine-colitis and colon-colon-anastomosis and counteracts cuprizone brain injuries and motor disability.
PMID 24304574 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2013-10-01
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model: diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy lesions.
PMID 21295044 · DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.015 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2011-03-14
ANIMALHigh hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol produces generalized convulsions and brain damage in rats. A counteraction with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736).
PMID 20436226 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2010-04-01
ANIMALGastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and short bowel syndrome in rats.
PMID 19093208 · DOI 10.1007/s10620-008-0598-y · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2009-10-01
ANIMALInhibition of methyldigoxin-induced arrhythmias by pentadecapeptide BPC 157: a relation with NO-system.
PMID 19465062 · DOI 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.05.008 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2009-08-07
ANIMALTherapy for unhealed gastrocutaneous fistulas in rats as a model for analogous healing of persistent skin wounds and persistent gastric ulcers: stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, atropine, ranitidine, and omeprazole.
PMID 18649140 · DOI 10.1007/s10620-008-0332-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2009-01-01
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157, in clinical trials as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (PL14736), is effective in the healing of colocutaneous fistulas in rats: role of the nitric oxide-system.
PMID 18818478 · DOI 10.1254/jphs.fp0072161 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2008-09-01
ANIMALProlonged esophagitis after primary dysfunction of the pyloric sphincter in the rat and therapeutic potential of the gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 17452811 · DOI 10.1254/jphs.fp0061322 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2007-05-01
ANIMALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in trials for inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL14736, Pliva, Croatia) heals ileoileal anastomosis in the rat.
PMID 17713731 · DOI 10.1007/s00595-006-3498-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2007-01-01
ANIMALAn experimental model of prolonged esophagitis with sphincter failure in the rat and the therapeutic potential of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 17116974 · DOI 10.1254/jphs.fp0060070 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2006-11-01
ANIMALThe influence of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on acute and chronic ethanol administration in mice. The effect of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and L-arginine.
PMID 16369461 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2006-01-01
ANIMALGastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 promotes corneal epithelial defects healing in rats.
PMID 16117343 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2005-06-01
ANIMALEffects of pentadecapeptide BPC157 on regional serotonin synthesis in the rat brain: alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan autoradiographic measurements.
PMID 15531385 · DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.08.010 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2004-12-03
ANIMALThe influence of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on acute and chronic ethanol administration in mice.
PMID 15381050 · DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.112 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2004-09-24
ANIMALProtective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats.
PMID 15052688 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v10.i7.1032 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2004-04-01
ANIMALDifferent effect of antiulcer agents on rat cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer after sialoadenectomy, but not gastrectomy.
PMID 14512101 · DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.013 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2003-09-05
ANIMALHaloperidol-stomach lesions attenuation by pentadecapeptide BPC 157, omeprazole, bromocriptine, but not atropine, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, ranitidine, cimetidine and misoprostol in mice.
PMID 11292068 · DOI 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)01025-0 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2001-03-09
ANIMALTherapy effect of antiulcer agents on new chronic cysteamine colon lesion in rat.
PMID 11595451 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00039-0 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2001-01-01
ANIMALEthanol gastric lesion aggravated by lung injury in rat. Therapy effect of antiulcer agents.
PMID 11595452 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00040-7 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2001-01-01
ANIMALCysteamine-colon and cysteamine-duodenum lesions in rats. Attenuation by gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, cimetidine, ranitidine, atropine, omeprazole, sulphasalazine and methylprednisolone.
PMID 11595448 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00036-5 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2001-01-01
ANIMALLung lesions and anti-ulcer agents beneficial effect: anti-ulcer agents pentadecapeptide BPC 157, ranitidine, omeprazole and atropine ameliorate lung lesion in rats.
PMID 11595454 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00042-0 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2001-01-01
ANIMALChronic cytoprotection: pentadecapeptide BPC 157, ranitidine and propranolol prevent, attenuate and reverse the gastric lesions appearance in chronic alcohol drinking rats.
PMID 11595453 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00041-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2001-01-01
ANIMALGastric mucosal lesions induced by complete dopamine system failure in rats. The effects of dopamine agents, ranitidine, atropine, omeprazole and pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 10791690 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(00)00147-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated2000-03-01
ANIMALLong-lasting cytoprotection after pentadecapeptide BPC 157, ranitidine, sucralfate or cholestyramine application in reflux oesophagitis in rats.
PMID 10672991 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(99)00124-2 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-12-01
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157 attenuates gastric lesions induced by alloxan in rats and mice.
PMID 10672996 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(99)00120-5 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-12-01
ANIMALA behavioural study of the effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Parkinson's disease models in mice and gastric lesions induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophyridine.
PMID 10672997 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(99)00119-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-12-01
ANIMALThe effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157, H2-blockers, omeprazole and sucralfate on new vessels and new granulation tissue formation.
PMID 10672992 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(99)00123-0 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-12-01
ANIMALThe effect of a novel pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on development of tolerance and physical dependence following repeated administration of diazepam.
PMID 10707891 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-09-30
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157 attenuates disturbances induced by neuroleptics: the effect on catalepsy and gastric ulcers in mice and rats.
PMID 10499368 · DOI 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00486-0 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-08-20
ANIMALNew model of cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection in rats: endogenous small irritants, antiulcer agents and indomethacin.
PMID 9920181 · DOI 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00818-8 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1999-01-01
ANIMALA novel pentadecapeptide, BPC 157, blocks the stereotypy produced acutely by amphetamine and the development of haloperidol-induced supersensitivity to amphetamine.
PMID 9547930 · DOI 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00277-1 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1998-04-01
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157, cimetidine, ranitidine, bromocriptine, and atropine effect in cysteamine lesions in totally gastrectromized rats: a model for cytoprotective studies.
PMID 9149058 · DOI 10.1023/a:1018893220943 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1997-05-01
ANIMALThe influence of BPC 157 on nitric oxide agonist and antagonist induced lesions in broiler chicks.
PMID 9403788 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(97)89478-8 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1997-05-01
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157 positively affects both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent-induced gastrointestinal lesions and adjuvant arthritis in rats.
PMID 9403784 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(97)89474-0 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1997-05-01
ANIMALPentadecapeptide BPC 157 interactions with adrenergic and dopaminergic systems in mucosal protection in stress.
PMID 9073154 · DOI 10.1023/a:1018880000644 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1997-03-01
ANIMALBeneficial effect of a novel pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric lesions induced by restraint stress, ethanol, indomethacin, and capsaicin neurotoxicity.
PMID 8769287 · DOI 10.1007/bf02087908 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1996-08-01
ANIMALSalutary and prophylactic effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on acute pancreatitis and concomitant gastroduodenal lesions in rats.
PMID 8689934 · DOI 10.1007/bf02088582 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1996-07-01
ANIMALBPC-15 reduces trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colonic damage in rats.
PMID 7815358 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1995-01-01
ANIMALThe beneficial effect of BPC 157, a 15 amino acid peptide BPC fragment, on gastric and duodenal lesions induced by restraint stress, cysteamine and 96% ethanol in rats. A comparative study with H2 receptor antagonists, dopamine promotors and gut peptides.
PMID 7904712 · DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00796-9 · matched on "BPC 157"
animal—none stated1994-01-01
PRECLINICALConcerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant and is believed to protect the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT).
PMID 40759852 · DOI 10.1007/s10787-025-01882-z · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2025-08-01
PRECLINICALNew studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection.
PMID 38980576 · DOI 10.1007/s10787-024-01499-8 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2024-10-01
PRECLINICALCytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome.
PMID 35125818 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.23 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2022-01-07
PRECLINICALStable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future.
PMID 31158953 · DOI 10.5009/gnl18490 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2020-03-15
PRECLINICALFistulas Healing. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy.
PMID 32329684 · DOI 10.2174/1381612826666200424180139 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2020-01-01
PRECLINICALCytoprotective Mechanism of the Novel Gastric Peptide BPC157 in Gastrointestinal Tract and Cultured Enteric Neurons and Glial Cells.
PMID 30116973 · DOI 10.1007/s12264-018-0269-8 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2019-02-01
PRECLINICALNovel Cytoprotective Mediator, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Vascular Recruitment and Gastrointestinal Tract Healing.
PMID 29879879 · DOI 10.2174/1381612824666180608101119 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2018-01-01
PRECLINICALBPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing.
PMID 29998800 · DOI 10.2174/1381612824666180712110447 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2018-01-01
PRECLINICALCelecoxib-induced gastrointestinal, liver and brain lesions in rats, counteraction by BPC 157 or L-arginine, aggravation by L-NAME.
PMID 28839430 · DOI 10.3748/wjg.v23.i29.5304 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2017-08-07
PRECLINICALHypermagnesemia disturbances in rats, NO-related: pentadecapeptide BPC 157 abrogates, L-NAME and L-arginine worsen.
PMID 28210905 · DOI 10.1007/s10787-017-0323-6 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2017-08-01
PRECLINICAL"Stress" is 80 Years Old: From Hans Selye Original Paper in 1936 to Recent Advances in GI Ulceration.
PMID 28641541 · DOI 10.2174/1381612823666170622110046 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2017-01-01
PRECLINICALBrain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.
PMID 27138887 · DOI 10.2174/1570159x13666160502153022 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2016-01-01
PRECLINICALToxicity by NSAIDs. Counteraction by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 22950504 · DOI 10.2174/13816128130111 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2013-01-01
PRECLINICALFocus on ulcerative colitis: stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
PMID 22300085 · DOI 10.2174/092986712803414015 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2012-01-01
PRECLINICALBPC 157 therapy to detriment sphincters failure-esophagitis-pancreatitis in rat and acute pancreatitis patients low sphincters pressure.
PMID 22204800 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2011-10-01
PRECLINICALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract.
PMID 21548867 · DOI 10.2174/138161211796196954 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2011-01-01
PRECLINICALRevised Robert's cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Possible significance and implications for novel mediator.
PMID 20166993 · DOI 10.2174/138161210790945977 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2010-01-01
PRECLINICALStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in trials for inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL 14736, Pliva, Croatia). Full and distended stomach, and vascular response.
PMID 17186181 · DOI 10.1007/s10787-006-1531-7 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated2006-12-01
PRECLINICALSome aspects of the effects of PL-10.1.AK-15 on the gastrointestinal tract.
PMID 9403791 · DOI 10.1016/s0928-4257(97)89481-8 · matched on "BPC 157"
not determined—none stated1997-05-01

Rows are ordered by source hierarchy, so nothing below a regulatory filing appears above a human trial. A field marked uncertain is one where the extraction passes disagreed; it publishes as unknown rather than as a picked winner. A design reading “not determined” is a design nothing established, not a design of none. Explore the full corpus for BPC-157